{"id":605,"date":"2023-03-02T19:24:31","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T18:24:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/?page_id=605"},"modified":"2024-12-10T23:52:16","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T22:52:16","slug":"o-bioakustike","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/o-bioakustike\/","title":{"rendered":"O bioakustike"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in SK<\/a>.<\/p>

Autorka:<\/strong> Mgr. M\u00e1ria \u0160ib\u00edkov\u00e1, PhD.
\nText vznikol pre bilt\u00e9n k projektu Zvukov\u00e9 topografie v roku 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bioakustika je interdisciplin\u00e1rna veda, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja biol\u00f3giu a akustiku. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci v oblasti bioakustiky sk\u00famaj\u00fa zvuky vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchmi, aby lep\u0161ie pochopili pr\u00edrodn\u00fd svet. Po\u010d\u00favan\u00edm zvukov pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdskumn\u00edci vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00facich \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov monitorova\u0165 druhy, mera\u0165 vplyv \u013eudskej \u010dinnosti na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a \u0161tudova\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie zvierat \u2013 v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku sa dozvedie\u0165 viac o ekologickej diverzite na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty a o tom, ako ju chr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoho zvierat vyd\u00e1va zvuky a rovnako ako \u013eudsk\u00e9 odtla\u010dky prstov, mnoh\u00e9 zvuky s\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9. Je to preto, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 vokaliz\u00e1cia vytv\u00e1ra odli\u0161n\u00fa zvukov\u00fa vlnu, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno mera\u0165, identifikova\u0165 a analyzova\u0165, aby n\u00e1m pomohla lep\u0161ie spozna\u0165 diverzitu \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov \u2013 teda po\u010det druhov \u017eij\u00facich v sk\u00famanom \u00fazem\u00ed, stav popul\u00e1ci\u00ed, zdravie biotopov a \u010fal\u0161ie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na komplexn\u00e9 presk\u00famanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch druhov \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov \u017eij\u00facich v ekosyst\u00e9me je potrebn\u00fdch ve\u013ea odborn\u00edkov \u2013 entomol\u00f3gov (sk\u00famaj\u00facich hmyz), ornitol\u00f3gov (vt\u00e1ky), chiropterol\u00f3gov (netopiere) a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch, ktor\u00ed musia miesto nav\u0161tevova\u0165 viackr\u00e1t do roka a str\u00e1vi\u0165 vela \u010dasu pozorovan\u00edm v ter\u00e9ne, zberom vzoriek a ich ur\u010dovan\u00edm v laborat\u00f3riu. Odchyt\u00e1vanie \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov je navy\u0161e pre ne ve\u013emi stresuj\u00face. Bioakustika umo\u017e\u0148uje vedcom z\u00edskava\u0165 \u00fadaje o \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchoch bez toho aby sa ich dotkli alebo inak ich vyru\u0161ili v ich be\u017enom \u017eivote. S\u00fabor zaznamenan\u00fdch zvukov\u00fdch st\u00f4p opisuje druhov\u00fa diverzitu \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov odli\u0161n\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ako prieskumy pri ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa zis\u0165ovan\u00e9 v\u0161etky pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 druhy. Pri porovn\u00e1van\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mov navz\u00e1jom, alebo ekosyst\u00e9mu pred a po z\u00e1sahu \u010dloveka \u010dasto nie je potrebn\u00e9 pozna\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne men\u00e1 druhov, ale posta\u010d\u00ed ich po\u010det odhadnut\u00fd pod\u013ea po\u010dtu r\u00f4znych zvukov.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u201czdravom\u201d ekosyst\u00e9me je cel\u00fd akustick\u00fd priestor obsaden\u00fd rovnomerne. Zvuky zvierat sa v \u0148om oz\u00fdvaj\u00fa od najni\u017e\u0161\u00edch frekvencii (hmyz), cez \u010dlovekom po\u010dute\u013en\u00e9 spektrum (vt\u00e1ky, oboj\u017eiveln\u00edky) a\u017e po najvy\u0161\u0161ie, nepo\u010dute\u013en\u00e9 frekvencie obsaden\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi druhmi netopierov. Akustick\u00fd priestor je tie\u017e rovnomerne obsaden\u00fd v \u010dase \u2013 \u010das\u0165 druhov sa najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie oz\u00fdva skoro r\u00e1no, \u010fal\u0161ie cez de\u0148 a in\u00e9 po\u010das noci. Monitoring akustickej diverzity m\u00f4\u017ee vedcom pom\u00f4c\u0165 odhali\u0165 ak v ekosyst\u00e9me doch\u00e1dza k zmen\u00e1m, pr\u00edpadne s\u00fa jeho zlo\u017eky po\u0161koden\u00e9. Vtedy m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 situ\u00e1cia, \u017ee \u010das\u0165 zvukov\u00e9ho spektra zostane nepokryt\u00e1, preto\u017ee niektorej skupine \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov sa v ekosyst\u00e9me prestalo dari\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

V prostred\u00ed ktor\u00e9 je monot\u00f3nne, napr. ve\u013ek\u00e9 polia osiate jednou plodinou, alebo monokult\u00farny les s rovnak\u00fdmi stromami v rovnakom veku, je n\u00edzka druhov\u00e1 diverzita rastl\u00edn vidite\u013en\u00e1 na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead, av\u0161ak vplyv na \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy zost\u00e1va \u010dasto skryt\u00fd. Bioakustika je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na r\u00fdchly a efekt\u00edvny prieskum diverzity \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov a prv\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy zo sveta n\u00e1m ukazuj\u00fa \u017ee n\u00edzka diverzita \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj po\u010dute\u013en\u00e1 \u2013 teda zachyten\u00e1 ako ve\u013emi mal\u00e1 akustick\u00e1 diverzita.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in SK.Autorka: Mgr. M\u00e1ria \u0160ib\u00edkov\u00e1, PhD. Text vznikol pre bilt\u00e9n k projektu Zvukov\u00e9 topografie v roku 2022 Bioakustika je interdisciplin\u00e1rna veda, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja biol\u00f3giu a akustiku. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci v oblasti bioakustiky sk\u00famaj\u00fa zvuky vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchmi, aby lep\u0161ie pochopili pr\u00edrodn\u00fd svet. Po\u010d\u00favan\u00edm zvukov pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdskumn\u00edci vo\u013ene \u017eij\u00facich \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov monitorova\u0165 […]<\/p>\n

Read More… from O bioakustike<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-textova.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-605","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=605"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1155,"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/605\/revisions\/1155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zdruzenie.ooo\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}